Total soluble carbohydrates were determined as the sum of soluble sugars and starch concentration.
'Total non-cellulosic sugars' are the sum of the neutral sugars plus uronic acid (UA).
The degree of synergy was defined as the ratio of reducing sugar equivalents released when enzymes were incubated simultaneously or sequentially to the sum of the reducing sugar equivalents released by each enzyme alone.
Ileal output of RS, defined as the sum of starch and sugar recovered at the terminal ileum, followed a similar trend to dry matter over 10 h, including peaking at the same time point of 6 h (Supplemental Figure 4).
In addition, for the same reasons, ammonia extraction enabled higher amounts of saccharide material to be recovered from the sample, as indicated by the weight% calculated as the relative weight of the saccharide material (determined as the sum of the quantified sugars) with respect to the sample weight.
RS was defined as the sum of starch and sugars (expressed as maltose equivalents) present in the ileal effluent, because the sugars are likely to be products of starch degradation (e.g., by microorganisms), as described in previous studies (28, 29).
The sum of available fermentable sugars, including glucose, mannose and galactose in the liquid fraction and WIS fraction was calculated.
The sum of available fermentable sugars including glucose, mannose, galactose, and xylose in liquid fraction and glucan and xylan fibers in the WIS was calculated.
It was judged to be partially pure by its atypical content of Ara and because the sum of the neutral sugars did not add up to 100% (Table 1).
The addition of 0.086 FPU/g DM and 0.86 FPU/g DM of ACS to rice whole-plant powder yielded 51 g/kg DM and 131 g/kg DM of free sugar (sum of glucose, fructose, and sucrose), respectively, after 20 days of incubation at 28°C.
