Further, sum of strain energy release rates at a given crack growth rate of both split cracks is equal to that of a single crack under the biaxial fatigue without phase difference.
It is shown that the SWT parameter can be interpreted in terms of the sum of strain energy and complementary strain energy densities supplemented by the strain energy density associated with a mean stress in the cycle.
It should be noticed that the lattice changes are reflected in the sum of strain caused by the magnetization and the applied external pressure.
The strain energy at the three critical cross-sections induced by the applied forces is the sum of strain energy in all the triangle elements; that is, (6) U = ∑ i = 1 m U e, where U e is the strain energy in Element e induced by the applied forces and m is the number of triangle elements created over the concerned cross-section.
Various symbols in Equation (14) are defined in Figure 7 and Θ i, i = A, L, H represents the sum of strains at each area.
For WASF, the final fused score (FS) for strain i will be: F S i = ∑ j (P A T i, j * W j ) When WBF is used for strain i and pathway j, B i, j is the sum of strains with lower PAT than strain i.
The active volume is the sum of the strain from the entropic and thermal components, while the frozen volume is the temporarily fixed volume, which transfers to active volume during the recovery process.
This is done by minimising the system's total potential energy Π, which is the sum of the strain energy stored in the system, U, and the potential energy of the external forces, V, which corresponds to (3) δ ∏ = δ (U + V ) = 0.
Then a modified low cycle fatigue life prediction model is put forward in which the sum of maximum shear strain range and normal strain range based on the critical plane concept is adopted to replace the uniaxial strain range used by Stolkarts et al. [Stolkarts, V., Keer, L.M., Fine, M.E., 1999.
Since the restrained tensile strain, ε t, is defined as the sum of the elastic strain, ε e, and the tensile creep strain, ε c, according to previous studies (Kanda 2005; Shima and Ichikawa 2009), the tensile creep strain can be obtained from Eq. (2).
Finally, if the dislocation creep and pressure solution creep act simultaneously, the total strain rate is the sum of the two strain rates: dot{varepsilon } = dot{varepsilon }_{text{DC}} + dot{varepsilon }_{text{PS}} (3).
