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The total cost of the heat exchanger is the sum of operational costs and capital costs.
The method finds the optimal design of the vehicle by iteratively using dynamic programming (DP) and convex optimization to minimize sum of operational and component costs over a given driving cycle.
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The first objective function was considered as the sum of investment and operational costs as well as penalty for producing NOx emissions.
Both the Genetic Algorithm and the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm are applied to obtain the minimum total annual cost (sum of investment and operational costs) as objective function with discrete and continues variables.
The hourly demand HD is given as the sum of all AHD operational at that hour HD ( kWh ) = ∑ t AHD (5 where t is the hour under consideration (e.g., 12 a.m.–1 a.m., 1 a.m.–2 a.m., etc).
The objective is to minimize overall system costs (i.e., sum of capital and operation costs) while meeting water demands and operational constraints.
This method is based on principle of finding pairs of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), "neighbors" that minimizes the sum of branch lengths at each stage of clustering of OTUs.
It further dictates the economic assessment criteria by calculating the sum of investment cost KI and capitalized operational costs KDcap.
The objective in such cases is the minimization of the sum of the fixed (structural) and variable (operational) costs of all the arcs composing an arborescence that links the origin node (switching center, server, station) to every demand node (multi-cast participants, users in general).
The power consumption for subsystem j in energy form k at time t is (P_{{j,k,t}}^{{on}}) which is therefore the sum of the power consumed in all operational regimes as in (16).
Flight Lieutenant Alex Morrison by email The Labour government introduced a tax-free lump sum operational allowance of up to £2,380 (paid at the end of a six-month tour).
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