That is, Socrates on Monday is not the same whole materially as Socrates on Friday, because the sum of material parts belonging to Socrates on Monday is not identical to the sum of material parts on Friday (De toto et parte, 301).
In this paper, we attempt to bridge this gap by developing a mathematical model that integrates distributed layout design and machine cell formation with an objective to minimize a weighted sum of material handling and inter cellular movement costs.
But why stop at two? Consider the mereological sum of material simples that is made up out of all the simples that currently compose David and Lump.
Proposition 3 shows that the outcome where the sum of material payoffs is maximized is a sequential group reciprocity equilibrium as some individuals can greatly help their opponents without incurring a high cost to themselves.
The design optimization method is based on ideas from multi-phase topology optimization where the material stiffness is computed as a weighted sum of candidate materials, thus making it possible to solve discrete optimization problems using gradient based techniques and mathematical programming.
The subclass IfcWallStandardCase of IfcWall is used for all walls that do not change their thickness (the thickness of a wall is the sum of the materials used).
To ensure adequate content coverage of the latent proficiency variables, PISA, NAEP, and TIMSS all use multiple linked test booklets, which means that although each respondent responds to just 60 (NAEP) to 120 (PISA) minutes of assessment material, the total sum of assessment material used far exceeds this amount.
Note that in the outcome that maximizes the sum of the material payoffs when X grows arbitrarily large, players 2 and 3 maximize their own material payoffs, and when indifferent, they maximize their opponents material payoffs, while players 1 and 4 maximize the material payoffs of their opponents.
This result is very optimistic as it concludes that in the outcome where the sum of the material payoffs is being maximized, nobody wants to deviate (even if they can increase their own material payoffs by doing it).
Because players 1 and 4 are maximizing their opponents material payoffs and players 2 and 3 are maximizing their own material payoffs, the group fairness equilibrium of the two-period game is the outcome where the sum of the material payoffs is maximized.
Her father was the sculptor Tony Smith, a close friend of Barnett Newman, and, rather like herself, an artist whose significance exceeds the sum of his material achievements.
