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The firms borrow against the value of the asset and the cash flow of the company they are acquiring, often allowing the firms to invest only a small sum of equity in a large transaction.
It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments [6].
In the red for the 12 months through September, TMP at least sports a fairly affordable enterprise value multiple of seven that's basically the sum of equity and debt divided by operating earnings (net before depreciation, interest, taxes and nonrecurring items).
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But now that troubled institutions like Barclays, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Citigroup have raised large sums of equity to bolster their balance sheets and enjoy the explicit or implicit support of national governments, HSBC no longer looks so secure.
Another measurement of financial health is the debt-to-equity ratio, obtained by dividing total liabilities by the sum of shareholders' equity and capital surplus.
Gains for both totaled $6 billion, 40% of the sum of their equity values.
Anglo Irish's losses were probably twice as big as the sum of its equity, subordinated debt and senior long-term debt.
Invested capital is defined as the sum of common equity, long-term debt, capital leases, and minority interest – in other words, the total of all claims on company assets.
A takeover would create Europe's eighth-largest life insurer by embedded value (a common measure of life companies' worth: the sum of shareholders' equity and the net present value of existing insurance contracts).
First, we attempt to explain wealth holdings defined as the sum of financial, equity and business wealth.
The total invested capital is defined as the sum of shareholders' equity as well as short- and long-term liabilities.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com