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The sum of each subscale has a potential range of 0 21.
Each item expresses the subjective experience of the respondent in the preceding week, and is rated 0 3 (3 indicating maximum symptom severity) so that the sum of each subscale has a potential range of 0 21.
The final score was an unweighted sum of each subscale.
For each item, there are 4 alternatives, ranging in score from 0 to 3. The sum of each subscale score ranges from 0 to 21.
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The sum score of each subscale (levels of anxiety and depression symptoms) ranges from 0 to 21.
Sum scores of each subscale were calculated with higher scores indicating higher family cohesion, expressiveness, and conflict.
In order to obtain scores for the individual subscales, the total score of each subscale (sum of the individual item scores) was transformed linearly to a 0 100 scale, where a score of 0 indicates the best and a score of 100 the worst possible QoL (which explains why some subscores, eg, stigma, have higher values than the total score).
A total score was calculated for each subscale, and a normalised score (0 indicating no symptoms and 100 indicating extreme symptoms) then calculated for each subscale, by summing up the total score of each subscale, multiplying it by 100, and dividing by the possible maximum score for the scale.
We will assess concurrent validity by correlating the sum of the subscale scores for each respondent with their score on the general scale.
The mean scores of the three virtues were obtained by summing the corresponding items of each subscale and then dividing them by the number of items.
Total scores for the culture of origin and the host culture were obtained by summing the 12 items of each subscale.
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