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The reason to use a sum of density and pressure is that on the one hand today all well acknowledged LOS schemes are based on density and Helbing et al claim that pressure is a good measurement to predict crowd collapses.
Total population size was calculated using the sum of density estimates for each area multiplied by the total reef area.
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The density of links between a set of more than 2 classes is calculated as the sum of densities between all pairs of classes divided by the number of possible pairs between classes.
Under linear interpolation, the sum of densities of all the nucleotide positions between them equals the area of a trapezoid delimited by the density values at x i and x i +1.
For each value gc in the group, we will define D gc – the sum of densities of the bins that have GC-content gc and N gc the total number of windows that have GC-content gc.
We defined the enrichment density score S g for each gene g as the sum of densities of all RBNS-enriched 6mers in the gene: S g = ∑ k D g, k We then calculated the distribution of S g for all genes and ranked each gene by its percentile rank.
The digital projection P l α at angle α of a two-dimensional function is the sum of densities along one pixel wide parallel rays: where i and j are the object pixel indices, k is the projection pixel index, and δ(1 k – L⃗· r⃗ i, j ) is a line (or plane) over which the summation is performed, L⃗ is a unit vector that defines the projection direction at angle α, and l k is the projection coordinate.
The benefit of employing the actual probability density function (pdf) is for example, recognized in [12, 13] where the distribution of interference is approximated by kernel smoothing, modeling the pdf of interference by a Gaussian mixture density (sum of Gaussian densities) which is then adjusted according to the occurrence of interference.
We normalize the density map, so that the sum of the density of each spatial bin of interest is one.
The fraction of cleaved protein was calculated by dividing the density of the LexA Pa cleavage products by the sum of the density of all LexA Pa full-length and cleaved components, using Quantity One (Bio-Rad).
TC is the sum of low-density and very low-density lipoproteins ("bad" cholesterol) and high-density lipoproteins ("good" cholesterol).
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