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The (C f ) is the single element index; the sum of contamination factors for all elements examined represents the contamination degree (Cdeg) of the environment.
The sum of contamination factors for all elements examined represents the contamination degree (Cdeg) of the environment which is calculated as follows: (4) C deg = ∑ i = 1 i = n C f i.
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Nevertheless, in contrast to Poás, the pristine composition of the binding substance of aggregates described here cannot be determined and reflects the sum of different contamination processes, which are difficult to separate due to the peculiar behavior of sulfur (see Discussion section).
Observed effects are a sum of effects of chemical contamination and their bioavailability as well as further biotic and abiotic properties of sediments which may mask typical single compound transcript profiles.
In the Cd method, the quality of water is evaluated by computation of the extent of contamination and computed as the sum of the contamination factors of each component exceeding the upper permissible limit.
" n" represents number of contamination factors involved in the sum.
The sum of individual contamination factor of the pollutant will give degree of contamination (Hakanson 1980).
Hence, degree of contamination (Cd) is computed by the following equation: {mathrm{C}}_{{mathrm{d}}} = mathop sum limits_{{{mathrm{i}} = 1}}^{{mathrm{n}}} {mathrm{Cf}}^{{mathrm{i}}} (3)where Cfi is the contamination factor of each metals; n is the number of heavy metals under investigation.
The Modified degree of contamination (mC d) is a generalized form of the degree of contamination by Hakanson [14], which is the sum of all contamination factors (C f) for the lagoon.
"There is a vicious cycle of contamination.
WSZ: I forgot the meaning of contamination.
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