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The central limit theorem is applied in SGA to get an approximate sum of additive white Gaussian noise processes (AWGNP).
Total noise of the ROF system is the sum of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) plus the fiber nonlinearities and it passes through an ITU multipath fading channel (EPA channel), as defined in the previous case.
In summary, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that egg-to-adult development time should not be considered as the sum of additive "sub-traits".
Phenotypic variation was modelled as the sum of additive genetic effects and a residual term due to environment (P = A + ϵ), so that.
Fisher (1918) defined epistasis as the deviation of the genotypic value from the contribution of the sum of additive effects at all functional loci in the genome.
Statistically we define this as a joint effect of two loci on a trait, significant beyond the sum of additive effects.
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Covariances between relatives are then calculated following Spencer (2002) as sums of additive, dominance and covariance terms.
In the absence of separate female and male variances, we follow Fisher (1918) and define the covariances between relatives as sums of additive and dominance variances.
Dominance variance ( d ^ 2 ) was estimated as the non-additive variance divided by the sum of the additive, non-additive and the error variance.
The clonal repeatability (Ĥ 2 ) was estimated as the sum of the additive and non-additive genetic variance divided by the sum of the additive, non-additive and the error variance.
Heritability was estimated as the ratio of the additive genetic variance to the sum of the additive genetic and environmental variance, that is including sources of residual variance as measurement error: h2 = (additive) σ2G/ σ2G+σ2E).
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