In terms of nitrogen balance, it has been found that cafeteria diet-fed rats show a higher "nitrogen gap," that is, the difference between nitrogen intake and the sum of its accumulation and excretion in the urine and feces [ 21] than control diet-fed animals.
In addition, noise accumulation (the sum of estimating errors accumulated from many variables) may dominate the underlying signal and overwhelm the explanatory power of the model (Fan et al. 2014).
Hence, the error on y5 in Figure 2 would be the sum or accumulation of the causal features labeled error-B, error-C, and error-5 in Figure 3.
Previous studies [19, 20] showed existence of the residual carbon sink, which is an imbalance between annual average emissions of CO2 and the sum of the annual carbon accumulation in the atmosphere and the annual carbon uptake by the oceans.
Previous studies [ 19, 20] showed existence of the residual carbon sink, which is an imbalance between annual average emissions of CO2 and the sum of the annual carbon accumulation in the atmosphere and the annual carbon uptake by the oceans.
A change in ER Ca2+ accumulation over time is the sum of two major processes: Ca2+ accumulation, predominantly by ATP-dependent SERCA, and Ca2+ release or loss through several different mechanisms, such as resident IP3 and ryanodine receptor channels, or passive leak pathways.
For each metric, we calculated anomalies from a temperature baseline and summed anomalies through a period of accumulation (see example in Fig. 2).
This is based on the concept of thermal time (Tt), calculated by summing the accumulation of daily temperature above a base temperature below which development ceases.
An index of aggressiveness, Ep-ICD subcellular localization index (ESLI), was defined as sum of the IHC scores for accumulation of nuclear and cytoplasmic Ep-ICD and loss of membranous EpEx; ESLI = [Ep − ICDnuc + Ep − ICDcyt + loss of membranous EpEx].
ESLI was defined as sum of the IHC scores for accumulation of nuclear and cytoplasmic Ep-ICD and loss of membranous EpEx; ESLI = [Ep − ICDnuc + Ep − ICDcyt + loss of membranous EpEx] [ 28].
