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Descriptive statistics (mean, mode, standard deviation, and sum) and frequency charts (bar charts) are used in order to give a screenshot of the sampled data.
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Sums and frequencies were calculated using Microsoft Excel, version 2010 (14.0.6126.5000) SP 1 MSO (14.0.6129.5000), (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA).
The co-existence of frequencies of other modes in the frequency spectra of a particular mode and the presence of sum and difference frequencies around the excitation frequencies and its harmonics could be useful indicators for crack diagnosis.
We report the wavelength conversion based on double-pass cascaded nonlinear interaction (χ(2):χ(2)) of sum and difference frequency generation in quasi-phase matched lithium niobate waveguides and compare it with double-pass cascaded second harmonic generation and difference frequency generation with and without waveguide loss.
Under the action of two alternating fields with different frequencies f1 and f2, the structure generated ac voltages with frequencies equal to the sum and difference frequencies f1 ± f2.
Solutions for the second-harmonic, sum, and difference-frequency components are obtained via modal decomposition.
This, coupled with the rotational effect of a cracked rotor and the non-linearities due to a breathing crack model introduces sum and difference frequencies in the response of cracked rotor.
A new physical interpretation of the solutions's behaviour far from the source is given, together with explicit expressions for the dominant components of the non-linear correction at sum and difference frequencies.
When an input signal passes through a non-linear system, any quadratic non-linearity will generate sum and difference frequencies of input sinusoidal components which will then be phase coupled.
However RTs represent the final step of a sum of process and frequency effect as well as repetition effect can occur at multiple levels.
We took advantage of spectroscopic techniques (X-ray diffraction and sum frequency generation) and polarized-light microscopy to assess the status of cellulose in the loss-of-function lines.
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