Sentence examples for sulfonate from inspiring English sources

Some of the first gels tested in large trials included Ushercell, which was made up of cellulose sulfate, and PRO 2000, which contained a polymer of naphthalene sulfonate.

When the charge on the fixed ion is small and spread over a large area, as in the sulfonate ion, −SO3− the field strength is weak and the mobile ions keep their primary hydration shell that is, the water molecules they hold by direct coordination.

The molecule must also contain a hydrophilic (water-soluble) group, such as −COONa, or a sulfo group, such as −OSO3Na or −SO3Na (such as in fatty alcohol sulfate or alkylbenzene sulfonate), or a long ethylene oxide chain in nonionic synthetic detergents.

These sequences are characteristic of resins whose functional group is the sulfonate ion.

The officials said they grew concerned about potential long-term health risks to humans after a 3M study showed that the chemical, perfluorooctanyl sulfonate, lingered for years in human blood and animal tissue and that high doses were known to kill laboratory rats.

Two years ago, the EPA became alarmed by 3M's internal scientific studies on perfluorooctane sulfonate, known as PFOS, including one that resulted in the deaths of all the rat offspring within four days, a striking result for a toxicology experiment.

These detergents were chemicals of the short-chain alkylnaphthalene-sulfonate type, made by coupling propyl or butyl alcohols with naphthalene and subsequent sulfonation, and appeared under the name of Nekal.

Making fabrics softer and sometimes also increasing absorbency involves the addition of such agents as dextrin, glycerin, sulfonated oils, sulfated tallow, and sulfated alcohols.

It is produced in large quantities by sulfonating benzene with fuming sulfuric acid and fusing the resulting benzenedisulfonic acid with caustic soda.

By the end of World War II the alkylaryl sulfonates had almost completely swamped the sales of alcohol sulfates for the limited uses to which they were applied as general cleaning materials, but the alcohol sulfates were making big inroads into the shampoo and fine detergent fields.

While most substituents act as auxochromes, sulfonates are present only to increase the solubility of the dye, which is also improved by amino groups, hydrochlorides thereof, and hydroxyl groups.