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The high hydrophilicity of the compounds tested presumably prevents their passage through the host cell plasma membrane in the absence of a suitable transporter or altered membrane permeabilities.
However, lack of suitable transporter protein slows down the supply of drug into the brain.
These typically have extremely tight binding constants (Kf > 1030 [ 191]) and can solubilise and sequester iron such that it can be internalised via suitable transporter molecules within the bacterial plasma membrane [ 192].
These siderophores secreted as are other bacterial pheromones (Kell et al. 1995)—typically have extremely tight binding constants (Kf > 10, e.g. Clifton et al. 2009; Loomis and Raymond 1991) and can solubilise and sequester iron such that it can be internalised via suitable transporter molecules within the plasma membrane (Stintzi et al. 2000).
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This can be attributed to induction of suitable xylose transporter systems [ 16, 17], improved cofactor generation [ 16] and induction of glycolytic enzymes [ 18].
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters with their highly diverse substrate specificity and role in cellular efflux are potentially suitable in transport engineering approaches, although their size and high number of introns make them notoriously difficult to clone.
Radiotracers suitable to image dopamine transporters (DATs) and serotonin transporters (SERTs) have been the object of most efforts.
The results of the present study suggest that the prodrug strategy based on the bile acid transporters is suitable for improving the oral absorption and the clinical application of cytarabine.
Thus, our results indicate that approaches to engineer S. cerevisiae HXT transporters to improve second generation bioethanol production need to consider the composition of the biomass sugar syrup, whereby the HXT1 transporter seems more suitable for hydrolysates containing xylose/glucose blends, whereas the HXT7 permease would be a better choice for xylose-enriched sugar streams.
We identified a promising pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine compound devoid of ABC transporter interaction, highly suitable for further preclinical and clinical evaluation for the treatment of cancer.
Radiolabeled beta-CIT is often used for brain imaging labeled with I, but FP-CIT is more suitable for imaging of dopamine transporter because of its higher selectivity and faster kinetics.
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