There was inconclusive statistical evidence about the effect of intravaginal practices on women's risk of acquiring HIV infection; the direction of summary measures of associations suggested harm, but confidence intervals were wide and there were high levels of heterogeneity.
These suggested harm in unadjusted analyses of all three studies (1.39, 95% CI 0.76 2.54, I2 76.6%) and adjusted analyses including only two studies (adjusted effect estimate 1.88, 95% CI 0.53, 6.69, I2 83.2%) [15], [16] but confidence intervals were wide and heterogeneity high.
This audit compares with current evidence suggesting harm from OOH discharge despite most discharges being delayed.
However, recent large-scale trials have suggested harm associated with GLN supplementation.
This may minimise any potential cardiovascular concerns and risks identified in studies suggesting harm [ 58].
Their use requires re-evaluation in the light of a wide range of deleterious actions and retrospective studies suggesting harm.
First, it is important to recognize that modern studies of albumin in general ICU patients do not suggest harm [ 6].
Many women continue to consume alcohol in pregnancy despite an increasing body of evidence suggesting harm to the fetus.
There are however no clinical studies indicating harm, and in fact, the limited animal and human data that exist do not suggest harm, and even suggest benefit.
Of interest, these associations were also evident at UAER levels within the normal range, adding to previous studies suggesting harm for albuminuria below currently proposed thresholds [ 28, 29].
