Several inflammatory mediators, for instance, IL-6, lactate, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), have been suggested as sensitive markers of disease progression in septic shock [ 11, 12] and can also help differentiate bacterial from non-bacterial conditions [ 13].
Quantitative geometric measurements of cartilage parameters, such as cartilage thickness and volume, have been suggested as sensitive image based biomarkers for detecting and monitoring cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis [ 45].
The concentration of the G1 cell cycle arrest proteins TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 in the urine have recently been suggested as sensitive biomarkers for early detection of AKI in critically ill patients.
Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) has been suggested as a sensitive tool to track changes in community function (and therefore indicative of structural changes) that can be attributed to toxic substances.
HsCRP has been suggested as a sensitive marker that is predictive of MetS as well as development of cardiovascular problems [ 20, 22- 24].
Besides their pathophysiological role as DAMPs S100 proteins are regarded as markers of systemic inflammation [ 22– 24] and especially in CAPS, both MRP8/14 and S100A12 levels mirrored disease activity, and were suggested as a sensitive marker even for subclinical disease [ 23, 38].
In other studies, HSP70 has also been suggested as a sensitive biomarker in coelomocytes of the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to metals like Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd (at concentration of 1.32 μg/cm of filter paper) [ 54] and in McCoy cells exposed to low Hg, Cd, and CuCl2 concentrations (0.7, 1, and 3 μM, resp).
Serum cystatin C has been suggested as a sensitive marker of renal function [ 16- 22]; however, recent studies have shown that like SCr, cystatin C is affected by age, gender, muscle mass and liver disease and overestimates renal function in patients with cirrhosis [ 17, 23].
Blood lactate levels are suggested as a more sensitive parameter to evaluate a patient's condition.
All tested compounds (diclofenac, galactosamine, isoniazid, acetaminophen, m-DNB and 3-nitroaniline) significantly decreased glucose secretion, which was thus suggested as the most sensitive end point.
A reduced SNP of under 40 cmhas has been suggested as the most sensitive and easiest test to perform in ALS patients [ 9, 10, 24].
