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In the simple but common case when a solid material is loaded at a sufficiently low temperature or short time scale, and with sufficiently limited stress magnitude, its deformation is fully recovered upon unloading.
Materials with tightly bound atoms or molecules, such as the crystals formed below melting temperature by most substances or simple compounds and the amorphous structures formed in glass and many polymer substances at sufficiently low temperature, are usually considered solids.
Later it was modified to apply only to metallic elements, and later still low-temperature measurements showed that the heat capacity of all solids tends to become zero at sufficiently low temperature.
Earlier, in 1999, she was the first scientist to cool a fermionic gas to a sufficiently low temperature to make it possible to observe quantum degeneracy, an achievement that earned her the 2014 Isaac Newton Medal of the Institute of Physics.
Ideally, lesions are encompassed by an ice ball and frozen to a sufficiently low temperature to ensure cell death.
Standard linear fracture toughness KIC testing of pipeline steels is possible only at a sufficiently low temperature (−196 °C) when the pipe wall thickness satisfies plane strain conditions.
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In superconducting metals at sufficiently low temperatures, however, electrons which ordinarily repel each other slightly attract each other through the intermediate effect of phonons.
The inspector also found other lapses: food was not held at sufficiently low temperatures; food-preparation surfaces could become contaminated; the pizzeria had not been properly vermin-proofed; plumbing and sewage systems were in disrepair, and other violations.
Third, even though no molecules of a material are permanent dipoles (e.g., in the noble gas argon or the organic liquid benzene), a force of attraction exists between the molecules, accounting for condensing to the liquid state at sufficiently low temperatures.
Even Kasumov et al. [6] reported that DNA is a superconductor at sufficiently low temperatures.
At sufficiently low temperatures, the energy effect predominates and we have known that the model exhibits phase transition.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com