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Therefore, we concluded that the very few remaining GP61-IFA treated CD4+ T cells were sufficiently activated to up-regulate the effector marker CD44, but stayed in an early activation status without differentiation into full-blown effector T helper cells, which probably was the reason for the observed absence of proliferation.
Irradiation of the framework, via the optical fibre, at 1050 nm, sufficiently activated UiO-66 in order to overcome the enthalpy of adsorption for 5-FU.
Model reactions and NMR data indicated that the fluoride atoms were sufficiently activated by the sulfonamide group, located in the meta position, to provide access to high molecular weight poly arylene ether)s.
Transfection in human aorta endothelial cells (HAECs) with these constructs revealed that the E-selectin promoter was sufficiently activated in response to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and miR-E1 and miR-E2 could suppress E-selectin expression resulting in the significant inhibition of leukocyte adhesion.
It is generally accepted that CD4+ help is required under non-inflammatory conditions where dendritic cells are not sufficiently activated by pathogen associated molecular patterns [32].
On the other hand, they are not sufficiently activated in the control condition in which only three units are stimulated simultaneously and their activity decays until they are restimulated.
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The S1 subunit of SARS-CoV sufficiently activates the UPR, but its counterpart in HCoV-HKU1 has no UPR-modulating activity.
In rodents, cold exposure can sufficiently activate brown adipose tissue (BAT), leading to increased levels of nonshivering thermogenesis via activation of the sympathetic system (Lowell and Spiegelman, 2000; Nedergaard et al., 2001; Rosen and Spiegelman, 2006; Shabalina et al., 2006; Xue et al., 2009).
Two- or three-attribute stimuli (conditions 2 and 3) can sufficiently activate the units, but single-attribute stimuli (condition 1) cannot.
Lastly, we asked whether ChR2(could) could sufficiently activate neurons at a timescale of hours to days, e.g. cells relevant for animal development, under low light conditions, to prevent phototoxic effects.
The axonal amplification to incomplete spikes is needed for sufficiently activating N-/P-types of voltage-gated calcium channels at presynaptic terminals because their threshold potentials are −20 mV and above [9] [11].
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