Further testing of these four molecules as potential melatonin-specific CPEs revealed that only menthone and 1-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidinone provided sufficient enhancement of the melatonin permeation.
In this case, suppression of one of the two luminescence maxima and sufficient enhancement of the second one were observed.
In the case of sandwich Au/porphyrin/Au structure, suppression of one of the two porphyrins' luminescence maxima and sufficient enhancement of the second one were observed.
Finding the appropriate dosage that generates a sufficient enhancement effect with minimum adverse effects would be the prerequisite to translate animal study into clinical use.
However, it is well documented that for sufficient enhancement of MMM performance, the dispersion of MWCNTs in the polymer matrix should be very fine, which means that the surface interaction between the filler and the polymer matrices should be strong[10].
For parenchymal enhancement, even a lower dose of 300 mg I/kg still allowed sufficient enhancement.
This means that optimization of the nanoparticle structure is required to gain sufficient enhancement from samples at these specific wavelengths.
Subsequently, US scanning by using a low-MI (≤ 0.1) technique, CnTI (Contrast tuned Imaging; Esaote, Genoa, Italy), was performed to ensure sufficient enhancement after bolus administration, allowing an examination window of up to 5 minutes.
The first contrast medium injection phase is similar to the single contrast medium injection phase commonly used for cardiac CTA and yields sufficient enhancement of the coronary arteries [ 5, 11, 12].
Therefore, sufficient enhancement and suitable detection limits require not only efficient plasmonic response, typically obtained using anisotropic nanostructures containing sharp features or small gaps at which localized regions with higher electric fields are generated (hot spots), but also adsorption of the analyte molecules precisely at such hot spots.
