Sentence examples for sufficient causation from inspiring English sources

Finally, it may be possible to extend the approach to include recent advances in DAG theory, including selection variables to encode differences between populations (and so uncertainty about arrows) [ 57], signed DAGs which specify assumptions about the positive or negative direction of paths [ 58], and interactions using sufficient causation DAGs [ 59].

According to Lewis, causal dependence between actual events is sufficient for causation, but not necessary (1973b): it is possible to have causation without causal dependence.

So it seems that probability-raising is not sufficient for causation.

Preemption and fizzling cases together might be taken to show that probability-raising (however interpreted and refined) is systematically unable to provide necessary or sufficient conditions for causation.

Disconnection and misconnection cases together might be taken to show that process-linkage (however interpreted and refined) is systematically unable to provide necessary or sufficient conditions for causation.

Nevertheless, if there are any clinical samples for which pathogen detection alone is sufficient to assign causation, then these are lung and pleural aspirates.

The implications and policy interpretation of these findings are complex, and the data collected within this study are not sufficient to establish causation.

However, ecologic associations between environmental changes and rising autism rates are not sufficient to infer causation for such a complex disorder.

A single previous description of a variant in a patient was not considered as sufficient evidence for causation and these variants were classified as variants of unknown significance instead of likely pathogenic.

Bove et al. (1992) reported a positive association with water contamination and NTDs but cautioned that the study did not provide sufficient evidence of causation for any of the contaminants in question.

More generally, the strategy of searching for necessary and sufficient conditions of actual causation, characteristic of most theories of actual causation (including Halpern & Pearl, 2005; Woodward, 2003), is open to criticism.