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Variance in factor loadings was reduced for affective suffering items when Nigeria (a clear outlier) was omitted, and the model fit of the two factor solution was clearly improved.
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The items concerning poor digestion (item 7), ability to think clearly (item 8), crying more than usual (item 10), difficulty in making decisions (item 12), and daily work suffering (item 13) presented considerable problems in translation.
For example "suffering" in item 1 was changed from "lidelse" (suffering) to "gener" (bothersomeness) as "lidelse" (suffering) is a very strong expression in Danish.
The low sensitivity of the ADAS-Cog is primarily due to most of its items suffering from either floor or ceiling effects in different stages of Alzheimer's disease [ 2, 4, 5, 8].
"Big ticket items are suffering because people are becoming much more reluctant to take on debt," Wyss said.
Individuals suffering from extreme fear of items, activities, people, or even ideas can often benefit from mental health counseling.
Participants who selected alternative four or five for at least one of the two items were defined as suffering from a sleep disturbance.
Stineman et al. detected only small floor and ceiling effects for the FIM for most items and most patients suffering from 20 diverse impairment categories [ 12].
The cross-sectional study evaluated the HRQoL in 203 patients suffering from dizziness, using the Medical Outcomes Studies 36-Item Short-Form Health-Survey (SF-36).
Both questionnaires contain a manageable number of items requiring only a few minutes for suffering patients.
Patient satisfaction with hospital care was assessed by four items derived from MacAdam's Assessment of Suffering Questionnaire (MacAdman and Smith, 1987).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com