The non-functionality of bridges after the occurrence of a sudden hazard can significantly impact highway transportation systems and affect the recovery process.
The scalable network architecture and three-tier software architecture are designed to support survey data improvement performed by geological surveys in different administrative levels, fast spatial decision support for rescue and evacuation after sudden hazard incidents, as well as prevention information for public access.
A recent United Nations survey of over 5000 persons with disabilities from 126 countries found only 20%% could evacuate immediately without difficulty in the event of a sudden hazard, while the remainder reported they could evacuate with some degree of difficulty (UNISDR 2013).
Archaeological perspectives indicate that "…More frequent and more sudden hazards are often prominently encoded in local knowledge" (Redman 2012 238) and offer a method for viewing this on a broad geographic scale and for a significant period of time (Cooper 2012).
This consideration is particularly important given that sudden-onset hazards like tornadoes and earthquakes give little warning to allow those with disabilities to take recommended protective actions or escape, particularly children with mobility limitations (Peek and Stough 2010).
As people's movement in times of disasters (in particular those associated with sudden-onset hazards), while intense and concentrated, often follows similar trajectories to normal-time movements, understanding predisaster mobility can help better plan for future disasters (Xin et al. 2012).
Seeking to explain the abrupt jump in official numbers, Mr. Gao said, "The Ministry of Health was not adequately prepared to deal with a sudden new health hazard".
Survivors witnessed 127 deaths or the immediate circumstances of death (objective hazard, sudden death, in extremis, immediate evidence of a fall), 58 immediate circumstances had not been witnessed but the body was found, and 27 people had disappeared without their final moments being reported.
In an article published last month in The New York Times, the sportswriter Bill Pennington noted that although much attention is now focused on concussions, there are more deadly hazards — sudden cardiac arrest and heat stroke — that active children, parents and coaches should know about and do more to prevent.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms have been reported with prevalences of 15 20% among ambulance personnel, which is 4 to 10 times higher than in the general population and far above what is seen in other occupational groups exposed to sudden serious psychological hazards [ 7, 8].
We emphasize the non-proportionality of the hazards for clusters 3 and 5: patients in cluster 3 have a sudden acceleration in their hazard after 30 months, which may be consistent with the loss of effect in platinum chemotherapy.
