Tsunami inundation can modify existing dunes producing features such as relict dune pedestals, landward sand sheets, hummocky topography, and parabolic dunes.
Some outlying populations may fail to adapt, leading to declining genetic variability and extirpation [ 28], which may particularly affect southerly fringe areas such as the relict North River, Alabama population of walleye [ 30] (site Y; Figure 1).
The results from analysing past changes revealed not only the loss of important coastal lowland habitats and agricultural land but also the loss of evolutionary landscape relicts such as Holocene beach ridges.
The protocol for translocation of fringed darters might be applicable to other similar and endangered darters such as Barrens (Etheostoma forbesi), relict (E. chienense), and duskytail darters (E. percnurum).
In contrast, southern Europe, although incorporating such relicts as massifs of Paleozoic rocks, is essentially a youthful world, not yet fully fashioned, as evidenced by continuing seismic disturbances.
The latter descendants include relict populations such as the Eile, Aweer, the Wa-Ribi, and especially the Wa-Boni.
Glacial relict species, such as fourhorned sculpin (Triglopsis quadricornis), sea snail (Liparis liparis), eelpout (Zoarces viviparous), and lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus), mainly inhabit the cold-water layers in deeper areas and the northeastern Baltic Sea with favorable oxygen status.
Originally thought to be early offshoots in evolution, it became clear that microsporidia have undergone extreme genomic reduction, divesting themselves of metabolic pathways (Weidner et al., 1999; Williams and Keeling, 2011) and reducing some organelles such as their mitochondria to tiny relict structures that carry out only a limited array of essential processes (Goldberg et al., 2008).
Relict geomorphologic features, such as old river channels covered by shallow sediments can challenge assumptions of uniformity in precision agriculture, subsurface hydrology, and crop modeling.
Because there was little or no movement at the ice-land surface contact, erosion was at a minimum, and relict landscape features such as tors can be found.
