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Originally, each county had one senator and at least one representative, but the U.S. Supreme Court declared such apportionment unconstitutional.
It is contended that if the act be construed as authorizing such apportionment of a joint rate on the basis of the greater needs of particular carriers it is unconstitutional.
"My point in the speech was that insisting on an approach that would purport to guarantee such a goal - essentially by dividing up carbon rights to the atmosphere - will only lead to stalemate given the very different views countries would have on how such apportionment should be made.
Similar(57)
In making such apportionments, consideration shall be given to pertinent factors including non-Federal expenditures for forestry research by State-certified eligible institutions, areas of non-Federal commercial forest land, and the volume of timber cut annually.
Such an apportionment by Indiana woul, in effect, fix the portion of such a tax for the other forty-seven States which appellant's interstate business might touch.
The bill prays for an injunction against such an apportionment and certification, and also against collection by the officers of the state.
If such power of apportionment or allocation exists at all, it must be true that the only repository of a power touching complex and national aspects of interstate commerce is not Indiana, not the Judiciarybut the National Congress.
This paper describes the problems of the present system, which is based on separate accounting and arm's length pricing, the advantages of one based on consolidation and formula apportionment, such as those employed by the US states and Canadian provinces, and the desirable characteristics of such a system.
The "arm's length" rules on these transfers are in desperate need of an overhaul, though the OECD rejects the idea of replacing them with a brand new approach, such as "formulary apportionment", advocated by some NGOs (it would allocate profits according to a formula based on the location of sales, employees or other such metrics).Thinking has come a long way in a short time.
In local studies with less spatial heterogeneity of source profiles, methods such as source apportionment are more likely to be successful.
Studies of the health effects caused by ambient particles are of higher value when the sources of those samples can be estimated using methods such as source apportionment.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com