Such a nuclear localisation was unexpected because of the large size of chimera.
Such a rapid localisation to the liver can only be explained by embolisation, not by a process of authentic spontaneous metastasis.
Such a co-localisation of Gp96 and CEACAM6 in patients with CD at the apical side of ileal epithelial cells is of great interest, since we previously reported that CEACAM6 acts as a receptor for E coli type 1 pili and therefore allows AIEC to colonise the ileal mucosa 12 and promote gut inflammation as shown in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing the human CEACAM6 molecule.
Indeed, such a plasma membrane localisation caused by substrate binding has been suggested by the work of Kunz et al. [19,20], who, by changing the specificity of a Type I PIPkin (which uses PtdIns4 P as a substrate) to that of Type II PIPkin (which uses PtdIns5P), and vice versa, showed that changing substrate specificity of PIPkins can alter their localisation.
Such inappropriate localisation linked with a partial deletion of the catalytic domain can be expected to compromise the protein functionality.
Apart from this quantitative criterion, a number of clinicopathological parameters (such as localisation, prevalence in different countries and age groups, association with HNPCC and inflammatory processes) and genetic alterations (e.g. frequency of mutation in Ki-ras and p53 genes, level of MUC2 expression) differentiate these tumours from the non-mucinous ones.
We do not assume such a condition and, moreover, we obtain localisation information on the solution.
It is a strength of the model that, despite this, it is able to mimic the ROP localisation patterns of such a range of root hair mutants and transgenic lines.
This suggests that, within the transformed cells, caveolin-1 is rerouted into the secretory pathway of these cells, and that such an inappropriate caveolin-1 localisation and/or accumulation may contribute to the transformed phenotype.
Fast gelling hydrogels have advantageous properties for in situ applications such as localisation of specific cells and growth factors at a target area without dispersion.
