Such studies rely on a GIS framework, availability of meteorological and possibly remotely sensed data and information on host and landscape factors.
Important contents of the plug-in menu: GIS tool: It is the function that includes the processes that are needed to build a GIS such as: assigning projection to grid or image or raster, Georeferencing an image or grid, generating a contour shape file and other processes (See Figure 9).
Through such integration of data into a GIS, foresters have a powerful tool that is capable of providing a rapid overview of a large forest estate.
Because of the different effects of wetland vegetation types on DOC, a GIS data source such as the NWI which depicts those wetland types is superior for predicting landscape contributions to stream DOC concentrations.
They plotted patient residence addresses using a GIS to research such aspects as the superspreading event responsible for more than 300 cases in the Amoy Gardens housing development and microclusters of SARS cases (where the density of infection varied widely between districts).
In addition, a GIS which enables automated decision making such as resource matching and route finding for resource distribution is presented.
Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is based on a great number of approaches to manage communication between different kinds of systems such as GIS, OMS, CIS etc. ESB brings a lot of benefits to reduce cost and time in term of management, monitoring and divergence of integration [20].
Each calculation point such as vertical displacement, slope, curvature, horizontal displacement and horizontal strain can be transformed into a GIS raster by a surface interpolation as well.
Virtual Field Trips in essence try to capture the real world environment of a specific location or region through a collection of data, photographs, cartography and other technologies such as GIS, without the cost of physically being there (Carmichael & Tscholl, 2011).
