When P. halocryophilus Or1 cells were observed using scanning and transmission electron microscopes, unusual cell envelop features distinguished smooth cells at ambient/optimal growth temperatures (25 °C, Figure 3a) vs densely encrusted subzero (−15 °C, Figure 3b) grown cells.
Although the material does remain closely associated with the cells during subzero growth and division (Figure 3c), it is unclear if this feature imparts additional protection to the cells to support growth at these temperatures.
The results of the primary analysis revealed that when IFN-α production was measured more than 25 times, the resulting values showed an overall tendency to stabilise as shown in figure 2. A subzero tendency in the linear expression and a plus tendency in the quadratic expression clearly emerged from the data points.
In many cases (particularly slow freezing events at high subzero temperatures), numerous isolated freezing events were observed (Figure 5).
The quality of ice varied among trials, with two individuals of C. amoena (one diapausing, one non-diapausing) that froze at relatively high subzero temperatures displaying distinctive spicular-shaped patterns (e.g. Figure 2, Movie S1).
By inserting a 43,000-year-old woolly mammoth gene into Escherichia coli bacteria, scientists have figured out how these ancient beasts adapted to the subzero temperatures of prehistoric Siberia and North America.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06620.011 10.7554/eLiFigure20.012 Figure 3 figure supplement 2. Snow consistently covers and protects plants from subzero air temperatures during winter.
His chances of winning there are subzero.
Writers 10, scholars two and a half, theorists subzero.
You're not at zero, you're at subzero".
By noon yesterday, subzero temperatures had blanketed Minneapolis-St.
