When reproducing the regionally varying thickness of the PDL observed in vivo, FE simulations reveal subtle but significant tooth motion that leads to an even distribution of the stresses in the jaw bone, and to lower strains in the PDL.
Parametric study of the best design model is then performed, and based on the solutions yielded from the parametric study, the subtle influence of thicknesses of the P-type silicon and the aluminum layers (tS and tAL) on the performance of the microactuator is observed.
We chose vertex-based thickness analyses over conventional VBM and DBM, as the approach shows relative sensitivity to subtle cortical effects (see Hutton et al. 2009; Scanlon et al. 2011).
"This study was able to show there are other, more subtle effects" beyond hair thickness, says Joshua Akey, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Washington, Seattle, who was not involved with the work.
OCT can detect subtle changes of macular thickness.
Prior work has demonstrated that amyloid burden is associated with altered activity patterns in the default network during memory encoding tasks (Sperling et al. 2009; Vannini et al. 2011), disruption of resting functional connectivity within this network (Hedden et al. 2009; Sheline et al. 2010), and subtle differences in cortical thickness (Dickerson et al. 2009; Becker et al. 2010).
Subtle changes in gastrointestinal wall thickness can be difficult to assess on CT [ 10, 11].
High-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography with retinal segmentation revealed a subtle reduction in the macular thickness and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) as well as a marked thinning of the inner nuclear layer (INL).
Other manufacturers employ subtle alterations to the alloy or thickness of the metal, and use modern welding processes to increase strength — all the better for hot-rodders who intend to install powerful V-8s under the hood.
Different erosion laws lead to only subtle differences in these slope and thickness dependencies.
