In dogs, six genes explain ~50% of standard breed weight and it is hypothesized that these large-effect variants are superimposed on a subtler size-regulation system inherited from wolves [ 36].
Although the print's signatures are subtle, its size is hardly so – it measures over 11 feet long and 7 feet high.
One hypothesis to explain this is that because the differences between the dogs and the bones were subtle in size, the test was a little difficult for the participants.
To detect the more subtle effect size of HR 1.5, the power of the respective studies was 57.7 and 76.0% (or 92.6% for combined data).
"As the effect [of perchlorate ingestion] gets more subtle, the size of the study group needs to be bigger to see if there's an effect there or not," she says.
Some suggest that larger studies with careful phenotypic characterization will be required to identify genes of subtle effect sizes.
Participant numbers (n = 118), and thus statistical power, were low, so more subtle effect sizes could have been missed.
The show is famous for its loving attention to retro details, most notably in the set design (Weiner has been known to halt production over matters as subtle as the size of fruit in a bowl) and wardrobe (the actresses bravely suffer through the exquisite discomfort of vintage undergarments).
The outcome is discussed in relation to gender, age, lung size, subtle findings on lung function tests and reported allergies, and smoking history.
In the last decade, in vivo studies have revealed that even subtle differences in size, concentration of components, cell cycle stage, make the cells in a population respond differently to the same stimulus.
