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The bore length reduction for the single U-pipe GHEs with thermally enhanced HDPE can be more than 8% when the subsurface thermal conductivity is 4.5 W m−1 K−1 or higher (Raymond et al. 2011a).
It also emphasized the role of groundwater velocity as a catalyst for subsurface thermal recovery.
However, in a layered subsurface, thermal performance of BHE can deviate drastically with different strata.
Heat flow at the surface is a direct reflection of the subsurface thermal structure of the underlying crust and mantle.
These projected changes with continuing urban growth will significantly alter the subsurface thermal regime (Kurylyk et al. 2014).
When normalizing the time with the time scale, α s (m2 s−1) is the subsurface thermal diffusivity.
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We concluded that the heat transport model serves well as an aquifer scale management tool to optimize the use of the shallow subsurface for thermal purposes and to analyze the impacts of corresponding measures on groundwater temperatures.
Variation of top basement geometry in turn affects the subsurface variation in thermal conductivity itself as a function of depth and temperature.
That can tell us something about the subsurface composition, the thermal histories -- the temperature with depth over time -- and also something about the age of the crater.
A severe situation may arise in shallow subsurface areas if the thermal anomalies that propagate upward mix with climate change anomalies that penetrate downward.
The reliable climate reconstruction using borehole temperature depth data can be improved by the knowledge of the thermophysical properties of the subsurface, especially of the thermal conductivity.
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