Potential of these techniques to monitor subsurface changes in blasting processes and others severe surface plastic deformation techniques are clearly envisaged.
Similar scuffing experiments were also performed with tribo-pairs of Al390-T6/52100 surfacesurfand and subsurface changes were also characterized using chemical analysis and cross-section scanning electron microscope (SEM).
In this experimental study, the surface and subsurface changes on gray cast iron and Al390-T6 were investigated under starved lubrication (a mixture of R410A refrigerant combined with a polyolester lubricant) and pure sliding.
The type of scale which formed during oxidation and the consequent subsurface changes in the alloy were found to depend on the presence and amount of α2 in the starting alloy microstructure, surface finish, and oxidation time.
Each MP was instrumented with a pressure transducer and a Technalithics dissolved oxygen (DO) probe, and located so they could be used to characterize subsurface changes in total head and DO with depth, distance and orientation around a central injection well.
Tribological tests were conducted on several sets of tribo-pairs consisting of gray cast iron disks and gray cast iron pins, for periods of 25, 50, and 75% of the time-to-scuff in order to investigate the progression of surface and subsurface changes leading to scuffing.
Time-related qualitative assessment of cartilage revealed distinctive surface and subsurface changes in response to loading.
In vivo, UTE-T2* mapping is reproducible and shows quantitative subsurface changes to surface-intact articular cartilage and menisci in human subjects acutely following ACL injury.
Subsurface changes, for example, cleft formations, were detectable in OCT images which could be confirmed in the corresponding histological sections in response to all impact energy levels.
In evaluating the articular cartilage of human subjects following ACL injury, OCT shows microscopic subsurface changes suggestive of collagen matrix disruption.
