Sentence examples for substrates were reduced from inspiring English sources

Almost all investigated substrates were reduced to a single enantiomer of the corresponding alcohol following Prelog's rule (Rodrigues et al. 2004), the only exceptions being products chemically racemized at acidic pH after conversion (substrates 21 and 22).

As shown in Table  1, in the absence of Mg2+, the repair efficiency of all four dI substrates were reduced below the level of detection in HeLa extracts, which is consistent with that Mg2+ being an essential cofactor for most DNA repair enzymes [ 7, 15, 27].

Following the commencement of the electroless treatment, the amount of oxide on the substrates is reduced in comparison with the etched surfaces.

In this way, the surface roughness of the as-purchased Al substrates was reduced to nanometric scale.

Thus by following these stringent criteria the number of potential substrates was reduced to 16 (2%).

The rate constants for the other substrates are reduced by more than 3 orders of magnitude.

First, expression of transcripts coding for genes that metabolize large 6-carbon carbohydrate substrates was reduced in coral.

Before directing terminally misfolded protein to retrotranslocation to the cytosol, ERAD substrates are reduced by protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), such as the oxidoreductase ERp57.

Also, the frequency that translocations are formed following the creation of single DSB adjacent to only one of the recombination substrates is reduced 10-fold in a rad52Δ/rad52Δ homozygote whereas there is no reduction in a rad59Δ/rad59Δ homozygote (Table  2).

In a recent study, the ATP-generating (OXPHOS) capacity of PBICs analyzed with complex II-linked substrates was reduced in the early phase of sepsis, as compared with control subjects that constituted critically ill patients without sepsis.

In plants, 1.6% and 1.9% sequence heterogeneity was found to decrease the frequency of intrachromosomal recombination by 3.6 [ 36] and 9.6-fold [ 39], respectively, and the recombination between 585 bp inverted repeat substrates was reduced by about 4 20 fold when the level of divergence increased from 0.5%to9%9% [ 40].