Sentence examples for substrates were previously from inspiring English sources

To improve the adherence between catalyst particles and metallic surface, aluminium substrates were previously anodized to produce a rough (cracked) surface.

These substrates were previously used by Yamazaki et al. [ 13].

The other seven predicted Type I substrates were previously unknown; we demonstrated that four of these (RL2412, RL2961, pRL90140 and pRL100307) were secreted in a prsD-dependent manner, while another (RL0790) was subsequently shown to be secreted in complex (TY) growth medium in a prsD-dependent manner (A. Edwards and J. A Downie unpublished data).

The susceptibilities of several caspase substrates were previously shown to be modulated by phosphorylation, as were the activities of caspases-9 and 3 themselves [ 52, 53], suggesting that kinase/phosphatase signalling could be crucial for both direct caspase regulation as well as for restricting or specifying substrate availabilities by modulating the cellular phosphoproteome.

Along this way, an innovative technique based on multilayered polyelectrolyte films (PEM) as cell adhesive substrate was previously validated in vitro and in vivo in a small-animal model.

This substrate was previously shown to be considerably more sensitive than FS-1 for measuring activity of collagenases (MMP1, MMP8, MMP13) in biological fluids [ 26].

The production of xylanolytic enzymes by Penicillium janczewskii with brewer's spent grain as substrate was previously described by Terrasan et al. [ 18].

In general, the biocompatibility of such substrate was previously reported [ 22, 23], as there is no change in the viability of cells cultured on the substrates alone without any cytotoxic agent.

Of these substrates, several were previously shown to either bind ubiquitin (e.g. LIVIN [12], RNF4 [13], ZNF364 [14]), contain ubiquitin binding domains (e.g. CUED1C [15], RAD23A [16]), or were known substrates of ubiquitylation activity (e.g. FLT1 [17], JAK2 [18], INSR [19]), lending strong support that this methodology faithfully detects true substrates of ubiquitin conjugation activity.

Films were spin-coated onto Spectrosil quartz substrates that were previously cleaned via successive sonication in acetone and isopropyl alcohol.

As compared to related allyl substrates that were previously observed to undergo fluorinative dearomatization under similar conditions (Table 15), increased substitution on the alkene switches the chemoselectivity with fluorination at the alkene being seen exclusively, rather than fluorination at the phenol.