Sentence examples for substrates were initially from inspiring English sources
Steel substrates were initially coated with a fragmented layer of ZnO and then subsequently galvanized.
PZT films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates were initially heated at 400 and 320 °C, then annealed at 550 °C, the remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive electric field (Ec) were 16.1 μC/cm2 and 105 kV/cm, 32.2 μC/cm2 and 79.9 kV/cm; at 100 kHz, the dielectric constant and dissipation factor were 331 and 0.045, 539 and 0.066, respectively.
Both substrates were initially prepared by etching and heat treatment to create step-and-terrace structures.
The glass substrates were initially cleaned with acetone in an ultrasonic bath, rinsed with deionized water, and then blown dry with dry N2.
The Si substrates were initially treated by the chemical cleaning process, proposed by Ishizaka and Shiraki [20], which involves degreasing, HNO3 boiling, NH4OH boiling (alkali treatment), HCl boiling (acid treatment), rinsing in deionized water, and blow-drying with nitrogen.
The Si substrates were initially treated by a chemical cleaning process, which involves degreasing, HNO3 boiling, NH4OH boiling (alkali treatment), HCl boiling (acid treatment), rinsing in deionized water, and blow-drying with nitrogen, proposed by Ishizaka and Shiraki, to remove contaminants [24].
Sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, vincristine and doxorubicin, previously reported to be MDR-1 substrates, was initially determined in p53 mutant neuroblastoma cell lines using XTT-based cell proliferation assays.
Two assay formats based on a) a direct cleavage or b) an enzyme coupled substrate were initially investigated.
The potential region and location for placing substrate are initially determined based on the criterion of a uniform SiO2 accumulation.
The Al component in the substrate was initially deposited on a graphite target during the sputter-cleaning of the substrate.
The substrate is initially tethered to the 19S cap through its poly-ubiquitin modification, before a terminus or flexible structure gets engaged by the translocation machinery to initiate substrate processing.
