Sentence examples for substrates were either from inspiring English sources

The enhanced osteogenic differentiation observed on the stiffer scaffolds was likely mediated by MSC mechanosensing because molecules that are involved in cell adhesion to stiff substrates were either up-regulated or activated.

Next, the incorporation and release of the peptide from four types of substrates were compared: non-microporous (NMP) substrates had no microporosity; microporous (MP) substrates were either 50% microporous with 5 μm pores (50/5), 60% microporous with 5 μm pores (60/5), or 50% microporous with 50 μm pores (50/50).

A total of 32 substrates were either utilized by all isolates (n = 16) or by none (n = 16, Figure 3 legend); some of these substrates are useful for identification of the K. pneumoniae species [27].

The two substrates were either placed in contact with one another in the center of the plate (0-cm distance), or a gap was left between options (1-cm to 8-cm distance).

Other substrates were either unrepaired or misrepaired to give products retaining extra repeats on one strand.

However, in the case of the Y271A mutant, although gapped DNA discrimination was similar to that of the wild-type enzyme, a high degree of gapped DNA enhancement was also observed when the substrates were either of the C10 S BPDE-adducts (dA and dG).

Substrate cleavages have been collected for 1086 peptidases (45%); for the remainder any cleavage positions in substrates are either unknown or have not yet been found in the literature.

To test this hypothesis, a series of substrates was either synthesized or heterologously expressed that contained intact leader sequence, various fragments thereof, or mutations in the putative RSI (Table 1, Supporting Information Figure S5).

Under the same spraying conditions, the resulting anatase/rutile concentrations varied depending on the cooling rate (the substrate being either cooled with water or in air).

The substrate was either preheated in hydrogen discharge to the deposition temperature of 900 °C or the deposition of intermediate layer started at about 200 °C and reached 900 °C in the 5th minute.

The substrate is either with (black and slashed shadow bars) or without neutral red addition (white and parallel shadow bars).