Sentence examples for substrates were already from inspiring English sources

Lateral and vertical composition gradients of islands in pits and on planar substrates were already investigated by anomalous X-ray diffraction [7] and by nano-tomography, a method based on wet chemical etching and subsequent AFM analysis [8].

Applications developed primarily on machine learning algorithms to classify soluble or GroEL substrates are already available.

The good substrates are already rapidly degraded at low enzyme concentrations, whereas further increases in the enzyme concentration reveal the slow degradation of poor substrates.

This latter pattern would suggest that some neural substrates are already responsive to speech in early infancy, and further specialize by excluding sounds that are non-speech.

Since the substrate is already cleaved, N-terminus of P1' residue is already protonated and it would be a donor in the hydrogen bond with ASP-1025 OD2 atom.

In parallel, accumulation of partially repaired 35 40mer products after the processing of THFT45 substrate (lane 18) reflects the fact that after 20 min of incubation, most of the substrate was already converted into 35 40mer repair products (lane 14) leading to melting of the partially displaced strand.

The difference in biogas production recovery levels could be due to the fact that the substrate was already efficiently degraded before temperature shock in Chae's study [ 13].

This "substrate-guiding residues" mediated mechanism does not need much substrate rotation and needs no rearrangement of the active site, since the substrate is already introduced in the correct orientation for both reactions.

At the end of this prediction step, we checked whether each predicted product (found by applying the chemical transformation to the substrate) is already listed in BRENDA or KEGG, by looking for an identical compound (see Section 2.1).

The proposed decarboxylase enzyme would conduct the same chemical transformation as mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase but in an ATP-independent manner because the substrate is already phosphorylated in the correct position for decarboxylation.

After three days of incubation, substrate specific differences were already apparent.