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The standard HA coatings were sprayed through atmospheric plasma spray (APS) on steel substrates starting from commercial powders ("APS-HA" samples).
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By continuously rotating the substrate starting from φ = 0° to 180° at a step of 10°, scattering spectra from the same dimer structure were respectively recorded under the excitation of S- and P-polarizations, which is partially presented in Fig. 2b from bottom to top.
The temperature of the substrates was varied starting from 35 to 60 °C.
Moreover, because our goal was to understand structure function relationships in substrate binding by OYE 2.6, we pursued parallel strategies for all three substrates that started from different "best" round 1 mutants, regardless of whether they were optimal in the context of single amino acid changes.
In the present work, we report on the second process design cycle starting from substrate supply to overcome limitations due to catalyst instability.
Atomistic simulations based on experimental observations provide the first evidence that the interface delamination of a thin film from its substrate may start from interface steps.
WRN exonuclease degrades the open telomeric DNA substrate starting at the3'-OH blunt end, and WRN helicase unwinds and releases the shortened strand from theG-tailed duplex.
Vanillin is one of the most important flavors in the food industry and there is great interest in its production through biotechnological processes starting from natural substrates such as ferulic acid.
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