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Renalase has intrinsic NADH oxidase activity since, in the absence of substrates, it can convert NADH to NAD+ and generate superoxide anion as a byproduct.
This is supported by our finding that while F. succinogenes can hydrolyze these substrates, it can not metabolize the end products as carbon sources.
The first call on specificity is the kinase domain itself and the range of substrates it can interact with.
Although, a transcriptomic approach, alone, is not sufficient to identify endogenous substrates, it can provide clues into the biological significance of CYP2S1-mediated metabolism, and/or compensation for these metabolic shifts.
Because this assay does not require OGT purification or the use of radiolabeled substrates, it can be performed more efficiently and cost-effectively than the conventional OGT enzymatic assays.
Normalizing the data by weight of cellulose in the two substrates, it can be calculated that from 100 grams of cellulose, 2.1 and 2.5 grams of gluconic acid was produced from filter paper and pretreated wheat straw at 50°C respectively, and at 33°C the yields were 3.4 and 3.9 grams of gluconic acid by the same materials, respectively.
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Since PFTase can tolerate many simple modifications to the aldehyde-containing isoprenoid substrate, it can be used to introduce a diverse range of functionalities into proteins containing a CA1A2X-box positioned at the C-terminus.
When a negative bias is applied to the substrate, it can lead to an increase in the energy of the surface atoms resulting in an enhanced surface diffusion, which can cause better adhesion, nucleation, and crystal structure [27].
Since the proposed method accurately predicts the 3D stresses in a composite patch bonded on the metal substrate, it can be used as a simple and efficient analytical tool for designing such structural components.
Figure 1c shows the SEM image of the graphene domains transferred on the representative SiO2/Si substrate; it can be seen that the graphene domains are uniform with the size of 1.2 mm except some impurities produced in the transferred process.
In contrast to even simpler models (e.g., random placement of nanoparticles on substrate), it can include the nanoparticle self-organization effects, which are important phenomena affecting nanoparticle analysis in scanning probe microscopy as seen in Figure 1c-d.
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