Sentence examples for substrates is usually from inspiring English sources

The adhesion of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on copper substrates is usually very poor.

Although these elegant methods have enabled the synthesis of a variety of functionalized aromatic molecules using anilines as the aryl source, the nitrogen atom in substrates is usually not incorporated into products, instead it is being discarded.

Significant improvement in the texture of sputtered Y2O3 seeds on NiW substrates is usually observed which is then transferred to the LZO layer.

The lower Km values of CauloGA compared with other GAs may imply that the enzyme plays a role in the environmental conditions of C. crescentus inhabitation in which the availability of the substrates is usually limited.

Gold(i) hydrides could, in principle, also be formed by β-H elimination of gold(i) alkyls, and conversely, the hydrogenation of unsaturated substrates is usually thought of as involving the β-insertion of a coordinated alkene or alkyne into a metal–H bond.

Currently, the AH treated Ti substrates are usually sterilized with ethylene oxide gas (EO) or Gamma-ray irradiation (GI) before biological experiments and clinical implantation.

However, metallic substrates are usually non-compatible with enzymatic reactions such as PCR due to poisoning of the active center of the enzyme or nonspecific adsorption of the enzymeto the metal surface, which could result in protein denaturation.

Green roof substrates are usually designed to achieve desirable characteristics such as low bulk density, preparation cost, high water holding capacity (WHC), hydraulic conductivity (HC) and airfilled porosity (AFP).

These auxiliary substrates are usually non-repressive carbon sources.

These substrates are usually by-products from industry, households and agriculture, and are usually considered as wastes.

The bonds between the gold clusters and the glass substrates are usually weak, and their wettability is relatively bad.