Sentence examples for substrates is used from inspiring English sources

Herein, a facile in-situ grown nanocarbon composite including one dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and two dimensional (2D) graphene nanosheets on FTO conductive glass substrates is used directly as a transparent counter electrode (CE) for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) without any post-treatments.

This could be a consequence of a local stress relaxation during the growing process induced by the nanoporous structure of the substrate, suggesting that it might not be possible to obtain a high content of tetrahedral amorphous carbon when that kind of substrates is used.

Commonly, a microbial consortium consisting of microorganisms which degrade different types of substrates is used for better degradation of complex mixtures.

PLGA substrates were used without any coating.

Smooth PCL substrates were used as control surfaces.

Two different substrates are used: silicon and mica.

Cleaned glass, conducting glass and metallic substrates were used.

Both untreated and oxygen plasma pretreated substrates were used.

Then, the negatively charged substrates were used for polyelectrolyte deposition beginning with PDDA by means of layer-by-layer assembly method.

Glass substrates were used as controls.

Monocrystalline silicon and quartz substrates were used.