Zinc Selenide optical substrates have high transparency within the 0.5 to 14.0 μm wavelength range.
Compared to the absorbers fabricated on a flat substrate, the absorbers made on the structured moth-eye substrates have high tolerance of the thickness of the SiO2 slab.
Wind speed, duration, efficiency in sediment transport, and sublimation mean that aeolian activity can take place even where substrates have high moisture contents or are frozen.
Coatings synthesized with stationary substrates have high compressive stress (4 7 GPa), and their hardness is slightly enhanced (∼25%) over the rule-of-mixture value.
In comparison, ceramic substrates have high Qs, excellent thermal conductivity, and low coefficients of thermal expansion close to those of Si.
Industrial fermentation substrates have high sugar concentrations, and, for hydrolysates of lignocellulosic biomass, may also contain lignin degradation products (e.g. phenolic acids, acetic acid, and furfural).
However, a variety of studies show low cellulose CrI substrates have high enzymatic digestibility; one in particular by Hall et al. demonstrated this on microcrystalline cellulose [ 16].
By day 3, OGP gradient substrates had higher cell densities compared to control gradients at all concentrations.
MSCs on stiff substrates had higher expression of SMC markers α-actin and calponin-1; in contrast, MSCs on soft substrates had a higher expression of chondrogenic marker collagen-II and adipogenic marker lipoprotein lipase (LPL).
More specifically, the cells on stiffer substrates had higher modulus and a more stretched and organized actin cytoskeleton (and vice versa), which translated into larger traction forces exerted on the substrate.
