Sentence examples for substrates has led from inspiring English sources

These properties are obtained using substrate temperatures higher than 200°C, but growing interest in flexible substrates has led to the use of polymeric alternatives, which require the deposition of films at low temperature [5].

During the last decade the use of single crystal germanium (Ge) layers and structures in combination with silicon (Si) substrates has led to a revival of defect research on Ge.

Analysis of crosslinked complexes of M1 RNA, the catalytic RNA subunit of ribonuclease P from Escherichia coli, and transfer RNA precursor substrates has led to the identification of regions in the enzyme and in the substrate that are in close physical proximity to each other.

However, abundance of cellulose in diverse natural substrates has led to evolution of diverse cellulolytic organisms capable of degrading cellulose [ 11- 14].

Our previous work on WT Pin1 functional dynamics in the presence and absence of inhibitors and substrates has led us to propose an additional mechanism for WW domain influence on PPIase activity.

In recent years, the increasing incidence of drugs that are transporter substrates has led to the need to characterize all these processes, in particular resolve active uptake from passive uptake and, in some cases, metabolism (Shitara et al. 2006; Webborn et al. 2007; Paine et al. 2008; Grime et al. 2008; Badolo et al. 2010; Menochet et al. 2012).

The ability to introduce a single atom of oxygen into an organic substrate has led to the diversification and exploitation of these enzymes throughout nature.

Detailed knowledge of the structure of HIV protease and its substrate has led to the design of specific HIV protease inhibitors.

Integration of the newly designed substrate has led to a more than one order of magnitude increased sensitivity of the assay.

The identification of the peptide substrate has led to the structure determination of the protein complex of Hsp40 Ydj1 and the peptide substrate (18).

With the increasing characterization of F-box proteins and its cognate substrates, this has led to an improved understanding of how SCF complexes have multiple roles in cell cycle progression, gene transcription, circadian oscillation and inflammation.