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Most of these proteins are substrates for multiple proteases, including calpains and other caspases, and the functional consequences of their cleavage by caspase-2 remain unclear.
ATM, ATR and DNA-PK are all capable of phosphorylating HARP.,,, Despite the knowledge that HARP associates with RPA, and that both factors are substrates for multiple kinases, little is known about which factors form the preferred HARP complex.
Multiple gates can operate in parallel by querying some of a set of inputs and then cleaving either the same shared substrate (in an implicit OR connection), or different substrates for multiple outputs (which can be monitored fluorogenically as different colors).
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Furthermore, we report that one lesion, 5-guanidino-4-nitroimidazole, is a substrate for multiple SOS polymerases, whereby pol II is necessary for error-free replication and pol V for error-prone replication past this lesion.
The cellular abundance of NAD+ is also regulated by its breakdown since NAD+ serves as a degradation substrate for multiple enzymes including sirtuins, poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) and cyclic ADP (cADP) ribose synthases which cleave NAD+ to produce NAM and an ADP-ribosyl product [29, 49, 54, 56, 96].
Most glycan intermediates involved in the reaction system can serve as a substrate for multiple enzymes.
The pathways formed in this process diverge when a glycan is a substrate for multiple enzymes, or converge when multiple glycan substrates all lead to the same product.
α-KG, a substrate for multiple enzymes, is important for cellular response to oxidative stress.
One potential candidate is PIP2, a plasma membrane lipid that acts as a substrate for multiple signaling pathways.
Rosuvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia, is recognised as a probe substrate for multiple transporters: OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT3 and BCRP [ 11].
PGH2 serves as the substrate for multiple specific prostaglandin synthases (PGS) and can be metabolized to PGD2, PGE2, PGF2a, PGI2 or thromboxane (TX A2.
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