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Triacylglycerol (TG) is a storage lipid which serves as an energy reservoir and a source of signalling molecules and substrates for membrane biogenesis.
These mechanoenzymes recognize ubiquitinated Pex5p-species as substrates for membrane extraction.
These results are consistent with MUFAs being putative substrates for membrane lipid peroxidation.
Antimetabolites, by definition structurally similar to intermediates or end products of primary metabolic pathways, are poor substrates for membrane proteins exporting xenobiotics, the presence of which determines the fungal multidrug resistance.
Considering the proposed MUFA → lipid peroxidation → aldehyde generation pathway, the observed decrease of MUFAs levels) and increased amounts of lipid peroxidation) are consistent with MUFAs being substrates for membrane lipid peroxidation, with the observed augment of aldehyde levels coming most probably from lipid peroxide decomposition.
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Many drugs are substrates for membrane-based proteins (from the ATP-binding cassette family) that actively pump drugs out of cells.
In tumors, citric acid cycle metabolism is supposed to be intact and important for their ability to synthesize substrates for membranes, nucleic acids and proteins [ 64, 65].
Given this inferred organization and integral-membrane orientation of the Hyq endo-hydrogenase complex (for which we as yet lack direct experimental evidence), one implication is obvious: the Hyq endo-hydrogenase might physically interact with Mo-dinitrogenase so as to channel evolved H2 as substrate for membrane-driven respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.
It could also be a substrate for membrane-bound members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) domain family of proteins, some of them reported to be expressed in several cancers, including the breast cancer, in which they may release ERBB ligands and promote proliferation (for review, see Mochizuki and Okada, 2007).
These observations suggest that a concerted activation of SFA synthesis and subsequent conversion of SFA into MUFA is required to provide the phospholipid biosynthetic machinery with MUFA substrates for new membrane synthesis before or during the synthetic phase of the cell cycle.
The substrates for the membranes were asymmetrical α-alumina tubes (o.d. 10 mm, i.d. 7 mm, length 5 cm) purchased from Pall-Exekia (Germany).
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