Sentence examples for substrates are expensive from inspiring English sources

However, these substrates are expensive and not available in large wafer size [16].

However, single-crystalline perovskite oxide substrates are expensive, and a large diameter substrate is currently technologically unavailable.

The equipment employed in these technologies is typically complicated, and the required single-crystalline growth substrates are expensive, accounting for the substantial cost of NW synthesis.

However, these substrates are expensive and have small wafer size, limiting their usage in larger scale fabrication (greater than single-crystal substrates).

However, sapphire substrate is expensive and is not available in large wafer size [11].

However, single-crystal GaAs substrate is expensive and difficult to integrate into the present Si-based industry.

Chemical and thermal pretreatments are often used to break down the raw substrate, but they are expensive and destructive to the sugars in the biomass [ 4], and they produce hydrolysates inhibitory to both cellulose degradation and microbial growth [ 5].

The common FTO substrates are very expensive and hard, also preventing the production of flexible DSSCs.

Water is better than other substrates such as dirt/chips as they get rancid quickly, are expensive and environmentally unsound when changed often.

However, some of these techniques are expensive, complex, and time-consuming, whereas others are not suitable for large-scale production of uniform SERS substrates.

Both procedures are expensive.