Sentence examples for substrates are covered from inspiring English sources

All substrates are covered by a native oxide layer.

Diversity and population size of fish species such as Labeo altivelis and benthic macroinvertebrates associated with coarse substrates can be greatly reduced if the substrates are covered with sand and silt.

So we get the conclusion that the NWs prepared by hydrothermal reaction were influenced greatly by surface topography of substrates when substrates are covered with ultra-thin seed layers.

The glass substrates were covered with rubbed polyimide alignment layers to induce a homogeneous alignment of the LC molecules at the interface.

In addition, the back side of the substrates was covered with the PDMS ink in order to direct the biofilm formation into the spherical non-printed areas.

The results show that, after the electrochemical processing, the mold steel substrates were covered with a layer of passive films, which have micro/nano binary rough structures composed of rugged plateau structures and rupture-like shapes.

The preparation process of the CIGS-based polymer solar cells with the structure of ITO/CIGS/P3HT PCBM/Al (shown in Figure 1a) was similar with that of the conventional polymer solar cell except that the ITO-glass substrates were covered by the layers of the CIGS nanoparticles deposited by PLD replacing the conventional PEDOT PSS layers.

We noted in the SEM that substrates were covered by a protein film.

The elastomeric substrates were covered with a No. 2 Lifter slip and imaged using an automated, inverted epifluorescence microscope (Axio Observer, 10×/0.3 NA objective; Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) with an EM-CCD camera (ImagEM; Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu, Japan).

The top and bottom of the substrate are covered with conducting sheets making this a similar construction to the triplate format.

The substrate is covered by the glomerate GaN nanowires randomly.