The substrate itself is unstructured.
The source of silicon was the substrate itself.
The multilayer substrate itself can also serve as a thin-film optical waveguide.
Thus, the substrate itself has little effect on the polymer deposition rate.
Physically, NIS may affect the substrate itself, or alter habitat architecture, indirectly influencing water movements, sediment accumulation, and light conditions.
By contrast, in organic falls, like dead whales or wood logs that reach the seafloor, reduced compounds directly originate from the biological degradation of the substrate itself.
In the second type of substitution reaction, the substituent is deficient in electrons, and the electron pair for bonding with the substrate comes from the substrate itself.
Despite the known drawbacks of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), one of the deficiencies that have relatively been ignored is the performance of ELISA substrate itself.
The metal substrate itself is highly conductive, and the structure has a large surface area, so it can be coated with enough active battery material to store a large amount of energy.
The solar cell and the nanogenerator are electrically connected by the silicon substrate itself, which acts as both the anode of the solar cell and the cathode of the nanogenerator.
Moreover, recent quantum- and molecular-mechanical calculations indicate that negative phosphate charges in the substrate itself may repel the anionic leaving group, and thus make a major contribution to the catalytic rate (Dinner et al., 2001).
