Sentence examples for substitutions ratio from inspiring English sources

We used the nonsynonymous/synonymous substitutions ratio (ω = dN/dS) as an indicator of selective pressure at the protein level, with ω = 1 indicating neutral evolution, ω < 1 purifying selection, and ω > 1 diversifying positive selection.

In addition, the non synonymous to synonymous substitutions ratio by codon (dN/dS) revealed several negatively and positively selected sites for both AMPs, suggesting that directional selection pressures have shaped their sequence variations.

The cyt b fragment is characterized by a 36/4 Synonymous/Non-Synonymous substitutions ratio in H. cristata, 1/1 in H. africaeaustralis and 63/7 in the pooled sample.

For instance, the well studied psbC promoter is located within a coding region of other gene (according to the GenBank records) and its conservation cannot be assessed without estimating the synonymous vs. non-synonymous substitutions ratio, which is yet to be incorporated in our approach.

Specifically, in the case of the complete sequence, PIPSL demonstrates high constraint revealed by both small Na/Ns (the ratio between number of nonsynonymous substitutions and that of synonymous substitutions) ratio (PNaNs~0.01) and frame-disrupting features (stop codons or frame shifts) (Pdis < 10-5) compared to the expectation under neutrality.

The d N (nonsynonymous base substitutions) to d S (synonymous base substitutions) ratio was 0.608 for the 321-bp sequence encompassing the SVR: this ratio is comparable with levels ranging from 0.036 to 0.071 for the seven housekeeping gene loci used in MLST (13).

Positive selection analysis was performed by comparing the different Branch maximum likelihood codon substitution models using the improved test 2, which tests for different dN/dS (nonsynonymous/synonymous substitutions) ratios along given branches of the tree [76], [77].

To determine the extent of CenH3 evolution, we compared Ka/Ks (nonsynonymous/synonymous substitutions) ratios for all CDSs of a species from each genus with respect to an outgroup.

The degree of hydroxyethyl substitution is expressed by the molar substitution ratio, which is simply a ratio of the number of substituted glucose molecules to the total number of glucose molecules.

The substitution ratio of DTPA- and DOTA-anti-CAIX was 3 DTPA and 7 DOTA molecules per antibody molecule, respectively.

Ten concrete mixtures were prepared, varying w/c ratio, admixtures content, recycled coarse aggregate substitution ratio and aggregates proportioning methods.