Candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen based on the following criteria: (a) the allele frequency of over five percent in published literature or databases, recommended by the National Cancer Institute [38], (b) validated allele substitutions, and/or (c) functional changes linked with allele substitution reported in the literature.
Re-sequencing of CTNNB1 exon 3 revealed D32H, and not S37F substitution reported before [30], in our 501 mel cells, and S33C mutation in YURIF melanoma tumor and cultured cells, whereas the gene in all the other cell strains was normal (Figure 3A).
The marginal effects and marginal rates of substitution reported here confirm the relevance of non-health arguments when individuals prioritise over health states.
Perhaps the observers' responses are all due to target substitution and the higher rate of similar-flanker reports occurs because target substitution reports letters that are more similar to the target.
To ascertain the authenticity of the strain, MIP was tested for the presence of unique nucleotide substitutions reported for its hsp65 gene [10].
In hsp65, all the four nucleotide substitutions, reported as MIP signatures, were identified at the right locations, thereby confirming the identity of MIP used in this study [14].
The impact of all amino acid substitutions reported in the Los Alamos HIV sequence database at Vpr position 90 were next examined in the IL-12 secretion assay.
All the substitutions reported occur in human.
Furthermore, NS3-P249T NS5-V258A258A substitutions, reported in several strains of the Mediterranean subtype (12 ), were detected in the T2 strain.
Using random forest analysis, we confirmed all non-permissive amino-acid substitutions identified by Kawase et al [ 11] as well as the few amino-acid substitutions reported by other investigators [ 8- 10, 24].
