Sentence examples for substitution population from inspiring English sources

Differences in substitution rates from lineage to lineage have been attributed to variation in neutral rates of substitution, population size, generation times, and selective forces.

Kimura provided theoretical underpinnings to molecular evolution by relating rates of sequence substitution, population parameters and mutation rates [ 2, 3].

Most of the prior QTLs that our research agreed with were originally identified in G. hirsutum cultivars [ 2], intraspecific populations [ 17, 55], chromosome substitution inbred population [ 32], or interspecific populations but with a few generations of backcross with G. hirsutum[ 56– 58].

Model extensions with poor input substitution and population growth are discussed.

However, both the mean and the 25% estimated rates of nucleotide substitution produced population dynamics that fit reasonably well with the IHHNV epizootic history in the Gulf of California, although the 75% estimated rate suggests a younger population history inconsistent with the historical records.

The authors review methods for constructing evolutionary trees and estimating quantities such as substitution rate, population size and migration rate under these circumstances.

The BC1F1 and BC2F1 populations that we developed are excellent starting points for the development of new breeding populations such as Advanced Backcross (AB) and Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines CSSLL) populations for analysis of the wild alleles contribution to the improvement of cultivated peanut varieties.

Rice CSSL (Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines) populations, are valuable/natural starting points for QTL mapping and subsequent QTL cloning.

Codon changes in the simulated trees will be referred to as "fixations" or "substitutions" although population data were not simulated.

The more unique substitutions each population has acquired, the greater the chance that a hybrid zygote will contain at least one pair of incompatible alleles.

Consistent with natural selection acting more strongly against deleterious non-synonymous substitutions, larger populations tend to have smaller ω values.