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A proposition which results from such a substitution performed on the given proposition (on the given sentential form) is called a variant.
One group was assigned the HC diet used for the original HC v Cel testing (Table 4, Series B, Test), while the second group was assigned to the same diet except that intact casein (C) replaced the HC portion of the diet (substitution performed by Dyets, Inc.; Bethlehem PA).
We paired AIN-93G Purified Rodent Diet (Dyets Inc., Bethlehem, PA), of which casein comprises 20%, with an HC diet that was identical to the AIN-93G diet except that HC (HCA-411, American Casein Company, Burlington, NJ) replaced the casein (substitution performed by Dyets, Inc).
The authors found that substrates possessing allylic substitution performed well, 228e– i bearing α-branching or heteroatom substituents undergo fluorination with 90 97% ee.
Indeed, alanine (A) substitution performed at one or the other of these two positions on human and rat Kp(10) induced no major change in bioactivity, although it decreased efficiency and binding property [ 34- 36].
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The 5-carboxylic acid substitution performs better than that of the trifluoro group, but still gives a compound fivefold less active (23, IC50=345 n m) in comparison with 13.
There were some clear differences among the tested compounds, indicating that the amino acid substitutions performed have important effect on compound stability.
As suggested in the "Evaluation of the amount of computational resources used by each algorithm" subsection, the configuration adopted for the TW parameter of the CARTE is capable to create direct impacts on the hit ratio, as well as on the number of substitutions performed by this algorithm.
In contrast, those substitutions performed on residues Gln148, Lys156 and Lys159 [47], [47] which contribute to the binding of IN to the virus DNA and also the 5CITEP inhibitor [39], have deleterious effects on the binding to MAba4.
Given a set of orthologous nucleotides x1, x2,..., x n and a phylogenetic tree T whose leaves are labeled with these nucleotides, the parsimony score is defined as the minimum number of substitutions, performed along the branches of the tree T, that can explain the set of nucleotides observed at the leaves.
Freeze substitution was performed in a substitution unit (Leica EM AFS2) in dry acetone with 2% osmium tetroxide at −90 °C for 24 h, and then gradually warmed up to −20 °C for 8 h and 0 °C for 2 h.
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